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Müllers muscle: - Sympathetically-innervated muscle extending from levator palpebrae superioris to top of tarsal plate
- Elevates eyelid, but not nearly as much as levator does
- Impaired in Horner Syndrome, but ptosis is mild because Müller's muscle is a weak elevator
Orbital septum: - Collagenous curtain connecting frontal bone and upper lid tarsus
- Divider between eyelid tissue and orbital tissue
- Barrier to inflammation spreading backward from eyelid
Orbicularis oculi muscle: - Controls forceful eyelid closure
- Supplied by seventh cranial (facial) nerve
- When seventh nerve is damaged, this muscle malfunctions and lower eyelid droops, exposing cornea to drying
Superior tarsus: - Connective tissue plate containing sebaceous glands that provide oily base for tear film
- Gives firmness to the distal portion of upper lid
- Foreign bodies that fly onto surface of eye often find their way into a slight depression on the conjunctival surface of tarsus ("pre-tarsal sulcus")
- In order to remove these foreign bodies, evert upper lid
Zeis (sebaceous) gland: - Another source of oil base for tear film
Cilia: - Medical term for eyelashes
- Disease may turn them inward so they rub against cornea ("trichiasis"); this hurts!
Tendon of levator palpebrae superiosis muscle: - Fans out across upper lid, attaching to superior tarsal plate and upper eyelid skin
- Forms upper eyelid crease
Conjunctival cul-de-sac (fornix): - Where bulbar and palpebrae conjunctiva meet
Palpebral conjunctiva: - Mucous membrane covering inner surface of eyelids
Meibomian glands: - Sebaceous glands that provide much of oil base for tear film
Bulbar conjuctiva: - Mucous membrane covering sclera
