Retinal Hemorrhages

• Dot Hemorrhage
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  • Mechansism: Rupture of deep capillaries
  • Common Associated Conditions: Diabetes
• Flame Hemorrhage
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  • Mechansism: Rupture of superficial pre-capillary arterioles, small veins
  • Common Associated Conditions: Systemic hypertension, leukemia, severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, retinal vein occlusion, trauma
• Boat Hemorrhage
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  • Mechansism: Rupture of large superficial retinal veins into the space between the retina and vitreous; sometimes these bleeds break into the vitreous cavity
  • Common Associated Conditions: Sudden increase in intracranial pressure, anemia, thrombocytopenia, trauma
• Submacular Hemorrhage
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  • Mechansism: Rupture of choroidal vessels under the fovea
  • Common Associated Conditions: Age-related macular degeneration
• Vitreous Hemorrhage
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  • Mechansism: Rupture of superficial retinal vessels or vessels on a fibrovascular stalk extending into the vitreous
  • Common Associated Conditions: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy, hypertension, trauma