Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VCK)
Definition | Symptoms | Treatment | Clinic Information
Definition
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a recurrent ocular inflammatory disease that has a seasonal incidence. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is a rare condition in most countries, accounting for roughly 0.1 to 0.5% of ocular disease. It tends to occur more in dry, warm climates.
VKC is a disease that affects children and young adults. It is primarily found in men between the ages of 3 and 20 years. Some people experience symptoms year round, however the peak season for vernal conjunctivitis is between April and August.
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is characterized by hard, elevated, cobblestone like bumps on the upper eyelid. There may also be swellings and thickening of the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is the outermost membrane which lines the eyelids as well as the exposed parts of the eye, except for the cornea. Severe cases manifest shield corneal ulcers that may lead to scars if they do not heal properly.
- Sensitivity to light
- Intense Itching
- Mucous discharge
The symptoms described above may not necessarily mean that you have vernal keratoconjunctivitis. However, if you experience one or more of these symptoms, contact your eye doctor for a complete exam.
Treatment
A category of therapeutic known as mast cell stabilizers are specifically approved for treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and have been shown to be effective. They are effective in reducing itching, hyperemia and mucous discharge. In severe cases, they may be used concurrently with mild corticosteroids. Often patients with severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis have asthmatic manifestations and their eyes may improve while on steroids or theophylline for the asthma. The use of topical antihistamines may also help alleviate the ocular itching associated with this condition.
Clinic Information
For more information, see the Comprehensive Ophthalmology Clinic and the complete Clinic Services listing of the U-M Kellogg Eye Center.
