Definition | Symptoms | Treatment | Clinic Information
Definition
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is the result of a condition called "Atopy". Atopy is a genetic condition whereby the immune system produces higher than normal antibodies in response to a given allergen. There is usually a family history of multiple allergies. Although AKC is a perennial (year round) disease, symptoms tend to worsen in the winter. Unlike atopic dermatitis which is generally seen early in childhood, atopic keratoconjunctivitis appears during late adolescence. Men are more commonly affected than women.
With AKC, the conjunctiva lining the eyelids is usually red and swollen. The lower eyelid is generally affected more than the upper eyelid. This is a differentiating symptom from vernal keratoconjunctivitis where the upper eyelid is most often affected. Untreated, AKC can progress to ulceration, scarring, cataracts, keratoconus, and corneal vascularization .
- Sensitivity to light
- Itching
- Burning
- Tearing
- Red and hardened eyelids
Treatment
Combinations of oral and topical antihistamines/decongestants are usually effective in controlling symptoms. In more severe cases, there is potential for damage induced to the eye by scratching and rubbing the eyes. A physician may advise the patient to wear cotton gloves at night to prevent unintentional damage to the ocular surface. Cold compresses and saline irrigation to lower the elevated tear pH may also be helpful. Only in severe cases should topical steroid therapy be considered.
Clinic Information
For more information, see the Comprehensive Ophthalmology Clinic at the U-M Kellogg Eye Center.
